EU implements the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation: What do we need to know

The European Union has officially put into effect the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR), a landmark legislative reform aimed at reducing waste and increasing sustainability in the packaging industry.

After two years of negotiations, the revised rules replace the former Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (PPWD) with a binding regulation applicable to all EU member states. With significant changes set to take effect by 2028, businesses must prepare to meet stringent targets for reusable packaging, recycled content, and bio-based materials.

Inspired by the Renewable Carbon News article, let's have a look at what these changes implies for the research developed in FURIOUS. 

Key changes introduced by PPWR

The new regulation introduces several measures to minimize packaging waste and improve recyclability:

• Mandatory recyclable packaging designs: All packaging must be designed for recyclability, favouring mono-material compositions that simplify processing.
• Clear labeling requirements: Packaging must include instructions for proper disposal to enhance consumer awareness.
• Manufacturer responsibility: Companies must provide declarations of compliance and appoint authorized representatives for extended producer responsibility (EPR) in each EU country where their packaging is sold.

These aspects are already included in FURIOUS packaging design. The furan-based polymers will be bio-based and with an end-of-life different from the landfill, being the polymers recyclable and/or biodegradable. 

Recycling goals for plastics by 2040

The EU has set ambitious recycling targets for plastic packaging, requiring an increase from the current 36% to 63% by 2040. Additionally, by 2030, all packaging must be recyclable, with precise recyclability criteria to be determined by delegated regulatory acts. The regulation was finalized on December 19, 2024, and published in the Official Journal of the European Union on January 22, 2025. An 18-month transition period will allow businesses time to adjust. EU member states must implement the rules into national laws by mid-2026.

FURIOUS prototypes comply with the requirements of being completely recyclable. 

Bio-based and biodegradable plastics: a new focus

For the first time, the PPWR sets guidelines for the use of bio-based and biodegradable plastics. Some key aspects include: 

• Mandatory industrial compostability for select applications:
  • Tea, coffee, and other beverage bags designed to be disposed of with the product.
  • Sticky labels affixed to fruits and vegetables.
• Optional compostability for other applications, such as:
  • Non-permeable beverage pods and lightweight plastic bags (if adequate infrastructure exists). 

There are exemptions from minimum requirements for medicinal products and medical devices, and outer packaging necessary for maintaining medicinal product quality. However, FURIOUS is moving forward and already designing polymers that are for medical and electronic devices that need UV sterilization. In this way, research can move faster than policy and predict the future tendencies in the field of bio-based packaging in stringent applications. 

The revolution of bio-based packaging is coming

The EU’s new PPWR is set to revolutionize the packaging industry, imposing stricter sustainability requirements while promoting a circular economy. As deadlines approach, businesses must act swiftly to align with the new rules, reduce waste, and contribute to a greener future. FURIOUS is helping in meeting those goals not only for businesses to comply with the requirements, but also to ensure a greener future.